Period 3-
Post Classical Period 600 CE- 1450 CE
3.1-Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks
This era was dependent on the deepening and widening of new and old trade networks.
Cross cultural exchanges became popular.
Muhammad promoted islam- a new major monotheistic religion in this era.
Types of diffusion consisted of trade and warfare.
Existing trade routes that helped to expand and flourish trade cities are
Post Classical Period 600 CE- 1450 CE
3.1-Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks
This era was dependent on the deepening and widening of new and old trade networks.
Cross cultural exchanges became popular.
Muhammad promoted islam- a new major monotheistic religion in this era.
Types of diffusion consisted of trade and warfare.
Existing trade routes that helped to expand and flourish trade cities are
- The silk road- The region separating China from Europe and Western Asia, it’s an ancient strategic transportation channel which started from China and passed through Central Asia, West Asia, Africa and Europe.
- The Mediterranean sea is the sea which is in the middle of Africa, Europe, and Asia allowed boats to come through and trade..
- The Trans-Saharan is a North African desert which reaches from the Atlantic to the Nile allowed people to trade via camels.
- Indian Ocean basins are basins in the Indian Ocean in between Australia, Asia, and Asia.
New trading cities consisted of
- Novgorod
- Timbuktu
- The Swahili city-states
- Hangzhou
- Calicut
- Baghdad
- Melaka
- Venice
- Tenochtitlan
- Cahokia.
"Post-Classical (600 CE to 1450 CE)." Freemanpedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. <http://www.freeman-pedia.com/early-modern-600-ce-to-1450-ce/>.
Lux goods consisted of silk and cotton textiles, porcelain, spices, precious metals and gems, slaves, exotic animals.
Caravan organization consisted of Caravanserai and Camel saddles.
Credit and monetization consisted of bills of exchange, credit, checks, banking houses.
The Grand Canal in China created state practices, minting of coins, and the use of paper money.
Trade organizations:
Expanding empires took over the Trans-Eurasian trade and communication, they were interested in their conquerors’ money and trade networks.
Migration of people caused environmental and linguistic changes.
People who traded such as merchants from China, had to have environmental knowledge and technological adaptations for the climate and journey.
Caravan organization consisted of Caravanserai and Camel saddles.
Credit and monetization consisted of bills of exchange, credit, checks, banking houses.
The Grand Canal in China created state practices, minting of coins, and the use of paper money.
Trade organizations:
- Hanseatic league- a medieval league of towns of northern Germany and adjacent countries for the promotion and protection of commerce.
- The expansion of empires facilitated Trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into their conquerors' economies and trade networks
Expanding empires took over the Trans-Eurasian trade and communication, they were interested in their conquerors’ money and trade networks.
- China
- Byzantine empire
- The caliphates
- The mongols.
Migration of people caused environmental and linguistic changes.
People who traded such as merchants from China, had to have environmental knowledge and technological adaptations for the climate and journey.
- Scandinavian Vikings- Used longships to travel through bodies of water.
Viking Longboat. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~jasen01/texts/longship.htm>.
Lee, Der H. High definition fine silk material 26788. 2010. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. <http://www.freegreatpicture.com/classic-design-material/high-definition-fine-silk-material-26788>.
Arabs and Berbers used camels to travel through the Sahara desert.
Central Asian pastoral groups used horses to travel through the steppes.
Migrations had severe environmental impacts.
Examples:
Bantu-speaking people-
They used iron technologies and agricultural techniques and when they migrated they spread these to Sub-Saharan Africa.
Polynesian peoples-
Cultivated transplanted foods and domesticated animals when they moved to new islands.
Some migrations and commercial connections led to the spreading of language or creation of new languages.
Examples:
Spread of the Bantu languages such as Swahili.
Spread of Arabic and Turkic languages.
Intensification of new and existing trade networks and communication allowed cross-cultural exchanges to exist.
Examples:
Islam developed in the Arabian peninsula, the beliefs and practices of Islam affected their interactions with Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians.
Muslim rule spread throughout parts of Afro-Eurasia, this was caused by military expansion, and Islam spread through the activities of merchants and missionaries.
Merchants set up communities where they could share their cultural traditions along important trade routes.
Examples:
Muslim Merchant communities in the Indian Ocean region.
Chinese merchant communities in Southeast Asia.
Sogdian merchant communities throughout central Asia.
Jewish communities in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean Basin, and silk roads.
The writings of these travelers shows the limitations of intellectual knowledge.
Ibn Battuta- Moroccan explorer of Berber descent. He is known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla.
Marco Polo- Venetian merchant traveller whose travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde, a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China.
Xaunzan- Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang dynasty.
Cross-cultural interaction led to the spread of different types of art and tradition.
Neo-confucianism(East Asia)
Buddhism(East Asia, Southeast Asia)
Hinduism(Southeast Asia)
Islam(Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia)
Toltec/Mexica(Mesoamerica, Andean America)
Inca traditions(Mesoamerica, Andean America)
Scientific and technological ideas
Examples:
Greek and Indian mathematics influenced the Muslim scholars
Greek science and philosophy returned to Western Europe from Muslim al-Andalus in Iberia.
East Asia influenced printing and gunpowder technologies to the Islamic empires and western Europe.
In the trade routes of the Eastern Hemisphere, crops and diseases were spread.
Examples:
Bananas in Africa
New types of rice in Asia
cotton, sugar, and citrus spread throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean basin.
Spread of disease such as black death on trade paths and military conquests.
Satin Fabric. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://contentinjection.com/all-about-satin-fabric/>.
Bartel, Nick. "A Virtual Tour with the 14th Century Traveler." The Travels of Ibn Battuta. ORAIS, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. <http://ibnbattuta.berkeley.edu/>.
Marco Polo and his Travels. Silk Road foundation, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. <http://www.silk-road.com/artl/marcopolo.shtml>.
Lee, Der H. "Xuanzang (Hsüan-tsang) (602—664)." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. < http://www.iep.utm.edu/xuanzang/>.
Marco Polo and his Travels. Silk Road foundation, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. <http://www.silk-road.com/artl/marcopolo.shtml>.
Lee, Der H. "Xuanzang (Hsüan-tsang) (602—664)." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. < http://www.iep.utm.edu/xuanzang/>.